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OBJECTIVES: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can be life-changing, requiring long-term treatment to control disease activity. It is therefore important to gain knowledge about patients' experiences of living with RA after 1 to 2 years of disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) treatment.METHODS: This qualitative study used an inductive approach. Interviews were conducted with 22 patients with RA in
INTRODUCTION: Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a toxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon known as an exogenous AhR ligand. This study investigates the role of BaP in inducing immune checkpoint expression in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and the underlying mechanisms involving the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and tryptophan (Trp) metabolism.METHODS: We assessed the expression of immune checkpoint molecules, i
Lichens are commensal organisms that contain secondary metabolites such as atranorin, which have intrinsic bioactive properties, including anticancer effects. The present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential and molecular mechanisms of atranorin and its hydrolytic derivatives in monotherapy and in combination treatment with temozolomide in glioma. The effects of atranorin on glioma
The anticancer therapeutic effects of usnic acid (UA), a lichen secondary metabolite, have been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. However, the mechanism underlying the anticancer effect of UA remains to be clarified. In this study, the target protein of UA was identified using a UA-linker-Affi-Gel molecule, which showed that UA binds to the 14-3-3 protein. UA binds to 14-3-3, causing the degradat
δ-Catenin is overexpressed in human cancers, including prostate, breast, lung, and ovarian cancers. Therefore, detection of δ-catenin level in patient specimens can be used as a diagnostic marker for the cancer screening. In laboratories, δ-catenin levels have been analyzed by western blot, which requires multiple procedures and is incapable of multiplex analysis of a target protein from a single
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most deadly type of cancer in the world and continuous investigations are required to discover novel therapeutics for CRC. Induction of apoptosis is one of the promising strategies to inhibit cancers. Here, we have identified a novel compound, Libertellenone T (B), isolated from crude extracts of the endolichenic fungus from Pseudoplectania sp. (EL000327) and i
Endolichenic fungi are host organisms that live on lichens and produce a wide variety of secondary metabolites. Colorectal cancer stem cells are capable of self-renewal and differentiation into cancer cells, which makes cancers difficult to eradicate. New alternative therapeutics are needed to inhibit the growth of tumor stem cells. This study examined the ability of an extract of Jackrogersella s
Marinobazzanan (1), a new bazzanane-type sesquiterpenoid, was isolated from a marine-derived fungus belonging to the genus Acremonium. The chemical structure of 1 was elucidated using NMR and mass spectroscopic data, while the relative configurations were established through the analysis of NOESY data. The absolute configurations of 1 were determined by the modified Mosher's method as well as vibr
Endolichenic fungi (ELF) produce specialized metabolites that have various medicinal properties. Inhibition of tumor angiogenesis efficaciously suppresses many types of cancer. This study aimed to discover novel antiangiogenic agents from specialized metabolite extracts of ELF strains isolated from Korean lichens. The EtOAc extracts of 51 ELF strains were subjected to a screening pipeline consisti
Lung cancer has the highest mortality rates worldwide. The disease is caused by environmental pollutants, smoking, and many other factors. Recent treatments include immunotherapeutics, which have shown some success; however, the search for new therapeutics is ongoing. Endolichenic fungi produce a whale of a lot of secondary metabolites, the therapeutic effects of which are being evaluated. Here, w
Anithiactin D (1), a 2-phenylthiazole class of natural products, was isolated from marine mudflat-derived actinomycetes Streptomyces sp. 10A085. The chemical structure of 1 was elucidated based on the interpretation of NMR and MS data. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by comparing the experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectral data. Anithiactin D (1) sig
Matrix inversion is a computationally demanding operation in the distributed multiple-input multiple-output (D-MIMO) systems. In zero-forcing detection, channel information from multiple access points is combined into a Gram matrix whose inverse is required to suppress multi-user interference. Computing this inverse accurately under strict latency and throughput constraints is challenging on an FP
To validate processor instructions before manufacturing hardware is both a time consuming and costly process. The possibilities now are either depending on slow emulations or developed hardware, which is limiting and ineffective for small architectural changes. In this paper, a new hybrid method for pre-silicon compiler validation is investigated. The normal execution happens on already existing h
High-operating-temperature (HOT) infrared photodetectors can reduce the depen dence on cryogenic cooling in infrared imaging systems, but their operation at el evated temperature introduces additional challenges for the associated readout in tegrated circuit, including increased dark current and reduced detector impedance. These challenges place additional requirements on the detector readout circ
This thesis examines why China achieved rapid economic growth despite maintaining a financial system that differed substantially from the principles of financial liberalization. It asks how China’s financial system contributed to economic growth and to what extent this relationship can be explained by the neoclassical financial liberalization perspective and the developmental state perspective. Us
The last decades have seen a substantial global rise in human development, yet the institutional drivers behind this trend remain contested, particularly in regions such as Southeast Asia, which challenge conventional institutional theories. The region has achieved remarkable improvements in human development despite comparatively low or fluctuating institutional scores. Against this background, t
This study estimates the effect of Kenya's 2003 Free Primary Education reform on women's occupational outcomes, specifically whether the reform increased the probability that employed women work outside agriculture and whether any such effect differed between urban and rural areas. Using a cohort-based Difference-in-Differences design applied to pooled data from the 2014 and 2022 Kenya Dem
This thesis asks whether pre-existing income inequality has a conditioning effect on how trade openness affects the labor income share in Latin America. Using a two-way fixed effects panel covering 18 countries from 1980 to 2023, with an interaction term between trade openness and each country's initial Gini coefficient, the analysis finds no robust evidence that higher initial inequality weak
