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This thesis explores the spatial distribution of trees in the LPJ-GUESS dynamic global vegetation model and proposes some modification to improve ecological realism. In the standard version of LPJ-GUESS, the model simplifies forest dynamics by averaging individuals into cohorts and disregarding competition, canopy interactions or resource allocation completely. To improve this, a newer version was
We measured πΣ invariant mass spectra below and above the K̄N mass threshold in the K-d → NπΣ reaction in order to study the K̄N interaction and the Λ(1405) resonance. This reaction can be described by the two-step process: (i) K-N1 → K̄N followed by (ii) K̄N2 → πΣ, where N1 and N2 are nucleons bound in the deuteron. We deduced the S -wave scattering amplitude of K̄N → K̄N as well as K̄N → πΣ in I
Objectives: Many Japanese adults experience poor sleep quality. Prolonged sedentary behavior negatively affects health, including sleep-associated problems. We investigated the association between sedentary behavior and sleep quality among urban white-collar workers in Japan with metabolic syndrome or at risk of metabolic syndrome, a population thought to have particularly prolonged sedentary time
This paper sets out to discuss the relevance of the concept of the ”social help state” (socialhjälpstaten) within the framework of Swedish historiography by focusing on the organization of poor relief in Gothenburg between 1890 and 1920. Coined by Norwegian historian Anne Lise Seip in 1984, the term socialhjälpstaten has been used extensively in the study of early welfare institutions and provisio
Syftet med detta arbete är att undersöka om rullande bärighetsmätningar RWD är ett alternativ till fallviktsmätningar FWD i arbetet kring vägbärighet i vägprojekt. Bärighet beskrivs av Trafikverket som ” Den högsta last, enstaka eller ackumulerad, som kan accepteras med hänsyn till uppkomst av sprickor eller deformationer”. Det vill säga hur tunga fordon en väg eller en bro kan belastas med sThe purpose of this project is to investigate if RWD is an alternative to FWD in analysing road bearing capacity in road projects. According to the Swedish Transport Administration (Trafikverket), the definition of bearing capacity is described as “the maximum load whether single or cumulative, that can be accepted without causing cracking or deformation”. In other words, it refers to how muc
Till följd av höga växthusgasutsläpp har klimatförändringarnas konsekvenser fastställts av FNs klimatpanel IPCC som ett omfattande hot mot både människans och planetens välbefinnande. För att Parisavtalets mål om att begränsa den globala uppvärmningen till 1,5 grader celcius ska uppnås, krävs snabba och resoluta utsläppsminskningar utan motstycke. Basindustrin, däribland stålindustrin som står förThe emission reductions of the European steel industry which account for 5 of CO2 emissions within the European Union (EU), have thus far been limited in part due to the free allocation under the Emissions Trading System (ETS). Legislation has been introduced, aimed at increasing the effectiveness of the ETS by phasing out the free allocation while simultaneously protecting the European steel indu
The production yields of antideuterons and antiprotons are measured in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of s=13 TeV, as a function of transverse momentum (pT) and rapidity (y), for the first time rapidity-differentially up to |y|=0.7. The measured spectra are used to study the pT and rapidity dependence of the coalescence parameter B2, which quantifies the coalescence probability of antide
Clusters of galaxies are the largest gravitationally-bound structures in the Universe. They are composed of galaxies and gas (approximately 15% of the total mass) mostly dark matter (DM, accounts up to 85% of the total mass). If the DM is composed of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), galaxy clusters represent one of the best targets to search for gamma-ray signals induced by the decay
In situ geologic context mapping based on rover and helicopter observations provides documentation of a nearly continuous record of geology and exposed surface structure over a 120 m-wide corridor along the traverse of the Mars 2020/Perseverance rover. The results record the geologic context of Mars 2020 campaign sites and sample sites, including the local extent of bedrock outcrops, stratigraphy,
The first measurement of HΛ3 and H‾Λ‾3 differential production with respect to transverse momentum and centrality in Pb–Pb collisions at sNN=5.02 TeV is presented. The HΛ3 has been reconstructed via its two-charged-body decay channel, i.e., HΛ3→3He+π−. A Blast-Wave model fit of the pT-differential spectra of all nuclear species measured by the ALICE collaboration suggests that the HΛ3 kinetic free
Inclusive cross-sections for top-quark pair production in association with charm quarks are measured with proton–proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 140 fb−1, collected with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC between 2015 and 2018. The measurements are performed by requiring one or two charged leptons (electrons and muons), two b-tag
Viruses that infect single-celled algae strongly regulate microalgae growth and community composition through cell lysis, enable nutrient recycling in marine ecosystems, and offer valuable insights into early stages of viral evolution. One major group, the Bacilladnaviridae family of single-stranded DNA viruses, infects diatoms in marine environments. Here, we present the capsid structure of Ch
Dark matter (DM) is one of the major components in the Universe. However, at present its existence is still only inferred through indirect astronomical observations. DM particles can annihilate or decay, producing final-state Standard Model pairs that subsequently annihilate into high-energy γrays. The dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs) in the Milky Way DM halo have long been considered optimal tar
Modern imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes have extensively observed young nearby supernova remnants (SNRs), with ages of about 1000 years or less, in the very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray band. These efforts resulted in the detection of VHE emission from three young SNRs – Cassiopeia A, Tycho, and SN 1006 – and provided significant evidence for emission from the more distant Kepler’s SNR. How
Bryophytes constitute a diverse plant group with important roles in ecosystem functioning, in particular in arctic and subarctic environments. As they are physiologically strongly dependent on climatic conditions bryophytes could serve as indicators of ongoing climatic change. Their spores are generally dispersed by wind, and because of contrasting phenologies among species, the composition of the
Boreal forests emit terpenoid biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) that significantly affect atmospheric chemistry. Our understanding of the variation of BVOC species emitted from boreal ecosystems is based on relatively few datasets, especially at the ecosystem-level. We conducted measurements to obtain BVOC flux observations above the boreal forest at the ICOS (Integrated Carbon Observati
Allt fler kommuner utformar och använder digitala tvillingar eller 3D stadsmodeller för att tillgodose sina behov inom bl.a. stadsplanering och bygglov. Inom byggbranschen så ökar användningen av byggnadsinformationsmodellering (BIM) i framförallt planering- och projekteringsstadiet. Frågan är hur man kan utbyta denna digitala information från respektive bransch i bygglovsprövningar. I nuläget såAn increasing number of cities are modelling their built environment in three-dimensional (3D) city models to plan their cities more efficiently. In parallel, the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry are increasingly relying on Building Information Models (BIM) when designing, constructing and managing facilities such as buildings. These new means of storing, presenting and ex
OBJECTIVE: The Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) is widely used for assessing disease activity in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), particularly in settings where markers of inflammation are unavailable. As no consensus on BASDAI cut-off values exists for disease activity states in axSpA, we aimed to develop and validate such cut-offs against external criteri
