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We review the physics basis, main features and use of general-purpose Monte Carlo event generators for the simulation of proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. Topics included are: the generation of hard scattering matrix elements for processes of interest, at both leading and next-to-leading QCD perturbative order; their matching to approximate treatments of higher orders based on
Laser energy absorption to fast electrons during the interaction of an ultra-intense (10(20) Wcm(-2)), picosecond laser pulse with a solid is investigated, experimentally and numerically, as a function of the plasma density scale length at the irradiated surface. It is shown that there is an optimum density gradient for efficient energy coupling to electrons and that this arises due to strong self
Patients with diabetes mellitus have more extensive coronary artery disease, more disease progression, and restenosis. The use of drug-eluting stents (DES) in these patients is widespread, despite uncertain long-term safety and efficacy. All consecutive patients with diabetes mellitus in Sweden who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention were entered into the Swedish Coronary Angiography and
Moore and others (2008) previously showed that bottlenose dolphins are capable of beam steering and controlling the vertical and horizontal widths of the echolocation beam. A follow-on study was performed using the same methods as the previous study, but with a younger animal and a higher resolution diamond-shaped hydrophone array for characterizing the beam. The dolphin performed a target detecti
A model for the contact between a rubber covered roller and a rigid roller was developed using analytical functions. The model, being two-dimensional, connects the line load, geometric properties (roller radii, rubber thickness) and the shear modulus of the rubber to nip properties in the roller contact. The output from the model is the indentation of the rigid roller into the rubber, the nip maxi
Popular Abstract in Swedish Äggstockarna genomgår förändringar under en normal menstruationscykel. I samband med tumörväxt i äggstockarna utvecklas nya blodkärl. Dessa förändringar kan upptäckas med både tvådimensionellt (2D) och tredimensionellt (3D) gråskale- och Doppler-ultraljud. Med Doppler-ultraljud kan man upptäcka blodkärl och uppskatta blodflödeshastigheterna i blodkärlen. Referensvärden The aims of this work were: 1) to estimate the number of follicles, ovarian volume and power Doppler vascular indices and their changes with age using three-dimensional (3D) transvaginal grey-scale and power Doppler ultrasound in asymptomatic women of fertile age either with natural menstrual cycles or using combined oral contraceptives, and 2) to determine whether tumour vascularity, assessed by
Using a custom-made cDNA microarray, global transcriptional analyses were conducted to identify genes differentially regulated in the pheromone gland as compared to the remaining insect tissue of the moth Agrotis segetum (Noctuidae). A two-fold or larger difference in relative expression levels was found for 227 of 864 genes investigated comparing the two tissues. Unexpectedly, an antennal binding
Rättsfallskommentar avseende 2012 års domar från EU-domstolens som rör medlemsstaternas inkomstskatteregler
Popular Abstract in Swedish Conodonter är en numera utdöd grupp havslevande djur vars systematiska ställning länge varit föremål för debatt. De var i det längsta kända enbart genom sina millimeterstora, kalciumfosfatiska element, vilka vi idag vet satt i djurens munhåla. Sådana conodontelement beskrevs för första gången 1856 av Christian Heinrich Pander, men det skulle dröja närmare 130 år innan dThis thesis deals with conodont biostratigraphy and palaeoecology in the Darriwilian (Middle Ordovician) of Baltoscandia, with focus on limestone strata showing traces of the ~ 470 Ma L-chondrite parent body break-up. The evidence for this cosmic event includes abundant centimeter to decimeter-sized fossil meteorites and elevated levels of sediment-dispersed extraterrestrial L-type chromite found
Treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms has shifted rapidly from open surgery to minimally invasive endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). However, anatomical limitations such as short or absent proximal sealing neck and poor access vessels exclude up to 50% of patients. In attempt to increase the number of patients suitable for EVAR, fenestrated devices have emerged. In this new era, precise and re
Dentists reported high perceived physical work conditions. Working postures and movements of the head and upper extremities during dental work were registered with inclinometry measurements during four hours. The aim was to clarify the relationship between measured working postures/movements and perceived physical work conditions. Dentists worked with elevated arms and a rather steep forward incli
The survival rates among testicular germ cell cancer (TGCC) patients have dramatically increased and more than 95 % are cured. The question of quality of life of the survivors is, therefore, important. The TGCC treatment, and thereby its side-effects may vary. A contributing factor to this variation is also genetically determined inter-subject difference in the sensitivity to the adverse effects o
Fossil feathers, hairs and eyes are regularly preserved as carbonized traces comprised of masses of micrometre-sized bodies that are spherical, oblate or elongate in shape. For a long time, these minute structures were regarded as the remains of biofilms of keratinophilic bacteria, but recently they have been reinterpreted as melanosomes; that is, colour-bearing organelles. Resolving this fundamen
The nature of b-quark jet hadronisation has been investigated using data taken at the Z peak by the DELPHI detector at LEP. Two complementary methods are used to reconstruct the energy of weakly decaying b-hadrons, E-B(weak). The average value of x(B)(weak) = E-B(weak)/E-beam is measured to be 0.699 +/- 0.011. The resulting x(B)(weak) distribution is then analysed in the framework of two choices f
Background: Micro-albuminuria is a recognized predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with coronary artery disease. We have previously reported, in diabetic and non-diabetic patients, that an increased urinary excretion of IgM is associated with higher cardiovascular mortality. The purpose of this study was to investigate the pattern of urinary IgM excretion in patients wit
The ever expanding market of ultra portable electronic products is compelling the designer to invest major efforts in the development of small and low energy electronic devices. The driving force and benefactors of such devices are (but not limited to) e-health system, sensor network applications, security systems, environmental applications, and home automation systems. These markets have launche
