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A message authentication code, MAC, is generated in an electronic circuit, wherein the MAC integrity protects a data value, PD. A random challenge word, RND, is received from a source that is external to the electronic circuit. A first function G(RND,K) is evaluated that generates a first encrypted value, K?, from RND and K, wherein K is a secret key value that is stored on the electronic circuit.
A tamper-resistant electronic circuit is configured for implementation in a device. The electronic circuit securely implements and utilizes device-specific security data during operation in the device, and is basically provided with a tamper-resistantly stored secret not accessible over an external circuit interface. The electronic circuit is also provided with functionality for performing cryptog
A method of protecting an electronic device from unauthorized reprogramming, the electronic device comprising a data memory and a key memory, the method comprising loading into the key memory a predetermined public key of a cryptographic public key mechanism for verifying subsequent data items to be loaded into the data memory, the subsequent data items being signed with a corresponding private ke
Disclosed is a method of loading data, such as software, into a mobile terminal, where the data is loaded from a loading station, and the data comprises payload data and header data. The mobile terminal accepts the data conditioned on a verification process based on the header data. The step of receiving the data further comprises the steps of receiving a header message including the header data f
Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in 2019, Covid-19 has developed into a serious threat to our health, social and economic systems. Although vaccines have been developed in a tour-de-force and are now increasingly available, repurposing of existing drugs has been less successful. There is a clear need to develop new drugs against SARS-CoV-2 that can also be used against future coronavirus infectio
Dwarf birch (Betula nana L.), a dominant deciduous dwarf shrub in many tundra ecosystems, is predicted to increase substantially in abundance due to climate warming. Potential warming-induced changes in the concentrations of phenolic compounds in B. nana leaves could influence the susceptibility of B. nana to environmental stresses; however, only a few studies have investigated the effects of clim
Selective herbivory of palatable plant species provides a competitive advantage for unpalatable plant species, which often have slow growth rates and produce slowly decomposable litter. We hypothesized that through a shift in the vegetation community from palatable, deciduous dwarf shrubs to unpalatable, evergreen dwarf shrubs, selective herbivory may counteract the increased shrub abundance that
Previous studies have offered strong evidence that grazers alter the vegetation composition and ecosystem carbon (C) balance in ecosystems. In Arctic peatlands, however, the role of grazing has remained largely uninvestigated. Falk et al (2015 Environ. Res. Lett. 10 045001) showed that grazing by muskoxen in a high Arctic mire significantly affected both the vegetation and release of greenhouse ga
Arctic tundra currently stores half of the global soil carbon (C) stock. Climate warming in the Arctic may lead to accelerated CO 2 release through enhanced decomposition and turn Arctic ecosystems from a net C sink into a net C source, if warming enhances decomposition more than plant photosynthesis. A large portion of the circumpolar Arctic is grazed by reindeer/caribou, and grazing causes impor
Archaeological 3D GIS provides archaeologists with a guide to explore and understand the unprecedented opportunities for collecting, visualising and analysing archaeological datasets in three dimensions.With platforms allowing archaeologists to link, query and analyse in a virtual, georeferenced space information collected by different specialists, the book highlights how it is possible to re-thin
The Tobii Pro TX300 is a popular eye tracker in developmental eye-tracking research, yet it is no longer manufactured. If a TX300 breaks down, it may have to be replaced. The data quality of the replacement eye tracker may differ from that of the TX300, which may affect the experimental outcome measures. This is problematic for longitudinal and multi-site studies, and for researchers replacing eye
Experimentally determined vitamin degradation kinetic parameters are vital input for process optimization, e.g., of nutrient rich beverages such as milk and fruit juices. The standard method of obtaining these parameters is to subject a test-tube of the nutrient (in its food matrix) to a water bath at elevated temperatures and measure remaining concentration as a function of time. It is well known
Objective: We describe real-world evidence (RWE) from the nationwide Swedish and Danish registries that provide important information on incidence and outcome in multiple myeloma (MM). Method: First line treatment data on more than 10.000 MM patients from Denmark and Sweden between 2005–2018 are presented. Key results from research conducted within the Swedish and Danish myeloma registries are sum
The structural set-up and key characteristics of regulatory regimes for risk management vary between countries, technical domains and application areas. Risk regulations come in different forms, ranging from a highly prescriptive (“hard”) approaches including explicit requirements on key risk management components, to “softer” approaches requiring risk to be managed without defining how. Risk regu
After many years of preclinical development, cell and gene therapies have advanced from research tools in the lab to clinical-grade products for patients, and today they constitute more than a quarter of all new Phase I clinical trials for Parkinson's disease. Whereas efficacy has been convincingly proven for many of these products in preclinical models, the field is now entering a new phase where
Under 1980-talet började flera svenska kommuner etablera en sekundär bostadsmarknad, där socialtjänsten hyrde ut lägenheter i andra hand till hemlösa klienter som var utestängda från den ordinarie bostadsmarknaden. Orsaken var en kombination av fastighetsägares ”höga trösklar”, socialtjänstens behov av boenden för hemlösa klienter och båda parters strävan efter kontroll. Möjligheten att tilldelas
