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In studies of the effects of different training programmes, one muscle--most commonly the vastus lateralis--is used for the experiment while the contralateral muscle serves as a control, at the same time as muscle biopsies are taken from both sides. In order to increase the reliability of such studies, the sources and the magnitude of the sampling errors in the biopsy techniques need to be assesse

Protein kinase B (PKB) (also referred to as RAC/Akt kinase) has been shown to be controlled by various growth factors, including insulin, using cell lines and transfected cells. However, information is so far scarce regarding its regulation in primary insulin-responsive cells. We have therefore used isolated rat adipocytes to examine the mechanisms, including membrane translocation, whereby insuli

Mediatorless (direct) electron transfer between Myrothecium verrucaria bilirubin oxidase and spectroscopic graphite electrode has been demonstrated. The electrochemical activity of the enzyme under aerobic and anaerobic conditions is clearly shown using cyclic voltammetry. It is concluded that the T1 site of the enzyme is the first electron acceptor, both in solution (homogenous case) and when the

The CO2 source and sink distribution across Europe can be estimated in principle through inverse methods by combining CO2 observations and atmospheric transport models. Uncertainties of such estimates are mainly due to insufficient spatiotemporal coverage of CO2 observations and biases of the models. In order to assess the biases related to the use of different models the CO2 concentration field o

Objectives This study examined the degree to which long workhours in combination with an extended workweek (12 hours/7 days) with permanent day shifts (0700-1900), as requested by the workers, influenced biomarkers for stress, metabolic processes, and diurnal rhythm. Methods Construction workers (N=50) working 84 hours a week, with alternate weeks off, were compared with construction workers (N=25

It was previously shown that letrozole (Femara(R)) was significantly more potent than anastrozole (Arimidex(R)) in inhibiting aromatase activity in vitro and in inhibiting total body aromatisation in patients with breast cancer. The objective of this study was to compare letrozole (2.5 mg per day) and anastrozole (1 mg per day) as endocrine therapy in postmenopausal women with advanced breast canc

In this paper, we demonstrate the ability of liquid-liquid partition chromatography (LLPC) to detect conformational alterations occurring in well-characterized enzymes. The conformational changes induced in dehydrogenases such as alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), lactate dehydrogenases (LDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) upon binding of ligand(s) were

The aim of this work was voltammetric determination of 1-aminopyrene and 1-hydroxypyrene using carbon paste electrodes modified with cyclodextrin derivatives and double stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (dsDNA). The detection schemes based on a preconcentration and differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) determination at beta-cyclodextrin and gamma-cyclodextrin modified carbon paste electrode (beta-CD/

BACKGROUND: Newborn infants undergoing intensive care are at risk of bleeding and thrombotic complications. Fresh frozen plasma (FFP) is used in hope of preventing these complications, despite poorly defined effects on the coagulation system and lack of proven clinical efficacy. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: We prospectively evaluated coagulopathy and the effect of standardized amount of FFP transfusion

A numerical investigation of impingement heat transfer and fluid flow in a rectangular two-pass duct was carried out. The impingement wall was smooth or with periodically mounted square ribs. A multiblock parallel CFD code was employed for the calculation. The turbulence modeling was treated by applying a low Reynolds number turbulence eddy viscosity model (LEVM) and a V2F model. First, the calcul

Wnt-5a is a secreted glycoprotein which has been shown to be involved in the regulation of cell adhesion and motility, processes which are of importance in metastasis formation by cancer cells. We here present an initial study aiming at evaluating whether small interfering RNA (siRNA) in combination with cisplatin can be used to modulate protein expression levels under in vitro conditions. For thi

BACKGROUND: Maintaining endothelial function within transplanted organs may be critical to successful preservation. In this study we have evaluated the relationship between the effect of inhalation of nitric oxide and the degree of endothelial dysfunction after lung transplantation. METHODS: A left lung, which had been preserved for 24 hours, was transplanted and a right pneumonectomy was performe

Two first-line antihypertensive therapies for initiating treatment in hypertension were compared, the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) zofenopril and the beta-blocker atenolol. The study was multi-centre and double-blind, and included 304 middle-aged to elderly patients with mild to moderate hypertension who were randomized to receive either zofenopril 30-60 mg once daily (od) or ate

Pathogenic bacteria have developed complex and diverse virulence mechanisms that weaken or disable the host immune defense system. IdeS (IgG-degrading enzyme of Streptococcus pyogenes) is a secreted cysteine endopeptidase from the human pathogen S. pyogenes with an extraordinarily high degree of substrate specificity, catalyzing a single proteolytic cleavage at the lower hinge of human IgG. This p

Solifluction movement rates from 1952 to 2008 for the Abisko region, northern Sweden, have been compiled and analysed through correlation tests and multiple regression. The temporal analysis is based on two datasets (Lobe11 & gridAB and Line B) from Karkevagge. The dataset Lobe11 & gridAB show a strong correlation between movement rates and mean annual air temperature (MAAT) and MAAT is al

Researchers of work-related musculoskeletal disorders are increasingly asked about the evidentiary base for mechanical exposure reductions. Mixed messages can arise from the different disciplinary cultures of evidence, and these mixed messages make different sets of findings incommensurate. Interventions also operate at different levels within workplaces and result in different intensities of mech

Here we report on the structure, expression and function of a novel cartilage-specific gene coding for a 17 kDa small, highly charged and secreted protein that we termed Ucma (Unique Cartilage Matrix Associated protein). The protein is processed by a furin-like protease into an N-terminal peptide of 37 amino acids and a C-terminal fragment (Ucma-C) of 74 amino acids. Ucma is highly conserved betwe