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Social mobility research has explored race, class and gender ceilings to explain why certain groups cannot advance in politics or business. This article analyses how ceilings are formed in the charity sector and civil society, often associated with bottom-up organising, unselfish engagement and work for social progress. The research combines theories of social closure and cultural cloning as two i
This chapter introduces the World Elite Database (WED) project, which addresses the challenge of standardization and comparability across elite populations, starting with individuals and organizations that occupy positions of economic power. It provides a descriptive overview of two sets of early findings related to age and gender for economic elites across 16 different countries: Argentina, Chile
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common form of skin cancer with the current diagnostic procedures relying on surgical excisions and histopathological analyses. Incomplete removal of the tumor necessitates additional surgery, which is both costly and time-consuming. To address this, non-invasive diagnostic techniques capable of determining the dimensions of skin cancer preoperatively are urg
Background: Heterogeneous treatment response, characterized by simultaneous regression of some lesions and progression of others within the same patient, is increasingly recognized in metastatic breast cancer (mBC) and may reflect biological heterogeneity. However, this response pattern is not captured by current response assessment frameworks. We aimed to determine the prevalence of heterogeneous
Bounding the correlations predicted by quantum theory is an important challenge in quantum information science. Today’s leading approach is semidefinite programming relaxations, but existing methods still cannot account for many relevant types of constraints. Here, we propose a general semidefinite relaxation methodology that can incorporate a breadth of constraints needed in various quantum corre
Background Accurate response assessment during systemic therapy of metastatic breast cancer (mBC) is essential to guide treatment decisions. We aimed to compare the applicability of RECIST 1.1 (CT) and PERCIST (FDG-PET) for response evaluation in mBC within a contemporary real-world setting. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, mBC patients undergoing systemic therapy between 2017 and 2025
Correlations that do not admit a deterministic explanation are a central feature of quantum theory and a key resource for quantum information processing. Identifying and certifying such correlations, however, remains a fundamental challenge. In this work, we advance on this problem by considering deterministic correlations in the prepare-and-measure scenario consistent with a wide range of communi
We establish a connection between Hardy's paradox and nonlocality sharing in sequential bipartite scenarios, where each subsystem is measured in turn by a chain of observers. We show that any correlations exhibiting a Hardy paradox in the two-input two-output scenario enable sequential violations of the CHSH inequality between arbitrarily many pairs of observers, using only projective measurements
Urban food governance is expected to address food insecurity, waste, social exclusion, and resilience. Food sharing initiatives (FSIs) can contribute to these goals, but their capacity to operate depends on the governance arrangements in which they are embedded. This article examines how governance modes shape the conditions under which FSIs operate, endure, and contribute to urban sustainability.
Bimetallic CuZn (brass) nanoparticles are key materials in catalytic applications, yet access to the full compositional range remains challenging using conventional wet chemical synthesis. In this study, we demonstrate the physical synthesis of CuZn nanoparticles across a broad compositional range using spark ablation of alloyed feedstocks (Cu25Zn75, Cu50Zn50, Cu75Zn25). In spark ablation, the nan
Photocatalytic nitrogen reduction requires the concerted transfer of six electrons and six protons, where inefficient electron utilization and proton supply represent the critical limiting factors for proton-coupled electron transfer in this process. A key challenge lies in hole accumulation within photocatalysts, as hole transfer typically proceeds 2 to 3 orders of magnitude more slowly than elec
Previous studies revealed that grammatical gender may shape perception and categorisation, yet the extent of this influence remains unclear, specifically in simultaneous bilinguals with two gendered languages. This pre-registered ERP study investigates how two partially contrasting grammatical gender systems modulate perception in Ukrainian-Russian bilinguals. Twenty-six participants completed a n
This study deals with the stratospheric aerosol during the 17 years of lidar measurements with CALIOP aboard the CALIPSO satellite. To obtain extinction from the backscattering measurements, we estimated the lidar ratios of the main aerosol injections into the stratosphere. The stratospheric background is estimated by making a subdivision of the stratosphere into nine parts, spanned by three latit
Foraminiferal shells are abundant in marine sediments, well preserved, and morphologically sensitive to environmental conditions, making them widely used archives of past marine environments and oceanographic changes. In particular, foraminiferal pore traits are promising proxies for past ocean oxygenation. However, conventional 2D measurements from limited shell regions may obscure chamber-wise a
Objective: To examine the extent to which epididymo-orchitis or urinary tract infections (UTI) may precede testicular cancer (TC) in Sweden. Methods and analysis: We conducted a nationwide, open-cohort study including 8 382 433 men between 1964 and 2018. Standardised incidence ratios (SIR) with 95% CIs were calculated to compare TC incidence rates in men diagnosed with epididymo-orchitis or UTI—ei
In order to fully utilize the technological potential of unconventional superconductors, an enhanced understanding of the superconducting mechanism is necessary. In the best performing superconductors, the cuprates, superconductivity is intimately linked with magnetism, although the details of this coupling remain elusive. Here, we address this gap by studying the electron-doped cuprate Nd1.85Ce0.
Increased soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration reduces atmospheric CO2 and builds soil health. A conversion from annual crops to perennial crops may decrease negative environmental impacts and promote desired ecosystem services. Soil carbon credit systems and environmental monitoring require reliable verification of SOC change. Here we report a baseline survey of SOC for an agricultural study s
