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Cyberattackerna med viruset Stuxnet har återkommande tagits upp som exempel på hur cyberoperationer kan gränsa till eller leda till krig. Denna studie bygger istället vidare på forskning kring hur hemliga operationer kan nyttjas strategiskt för eskalationskontroll. Genom en fallstudie av Stuxnet och bakomliggande operationen Olympic Games, analyserad utifrån Austin Carsons Limited-War Theory of Se
Denna uppsats undersöker den svenska utredningen En reformerad underrättelsetjänst, vilken har en formativ roll i det framtida svenska underrättelsesamhället. Även den amerikanska utredningen National Security Space: Actions Needed To Better Use Commercial Satellite Imagery and Analytics undersöks då USA är långtgående i användningen av kommersiella aktörer samt den största underrättelseaktören i
In 2003, the United Kingdom decided to participate in the invasion of Iraq based on the intelligence reports that Saddam Hussein had breached the UN resolutions banning the country from developing weapons of mass destruction. In hindsight, the intelligence reports and dossiers leading up to the involvement of UK troops in Iraq have been heavily criticised for being based on false information and o
The refractory period (RP) and the conduction delay (CD) of the atrioventricular (AV) node play a crucial role in regulating the heart rate during atrial fibrillation (AF). Assessing short-term variations in these conduction properties could provide novel information for improved diagnosis and treatment optimization on an individual basis. We propose a methodology comprising a network model of the
Tendons are hierarchically structured, transferring forces across multiple length scales. Loads are partitioned from the whole tendon through fascicles, fibers, and fibrils down to the tropocollagen molecules. To elucidate the structural deformation of tendons at different hierarchical levels, this study investigated the simultaneous tissue, sub-tendon, fibrillar, and molecular response to tensile
Objective: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint disease associated with pain and reduced function. The mechanisms underlying OA and how mechanical properties change with the disease are not fully understood, partly due to large variability during mechanical testing of cartilage. We characterized the mechanical properties of human femoral cartilage with varying levels of degeneration using a
The Achilles tendon is the most frequently injured tendon in humans. Despite extensive research to understand its healing, there are still no clear rehabilitation guidelines to ensure full recovery and prevent reruptures. This could partly be due to limited understanding of how loading during tendon healing affects the multiscale mechanical response and in particular the nanoscale. We combined syn
Achieving isoform selectivity within the galectin family remains a central challenge in glycomimetic drug design due to the highly conserved architecture of their carbohydrate recognition domains. Here, we define the structural and thermodynamic basis of recognition of a series of C-glycosylic 1,2-thiodisaccharides targeting human galectin-7 and the N-terminal domain of galectin-8 (galectin-8N). U
Initially introduced as the dual single-ended primary inductor converter (SEPIC), the zeta converter has since evolved significantly from the classical direct current (DC) converter. Its ability to provide both buck and boost operation while maintaining non-inverting output voltage, continuous output current with low ripple has made it increasingly popular in a wide range of applications. The conv
BACKGROUND: Electrocardiogram (ECG)-derived indices of atrial remodeling have demonstrated predictive value in established atrial fibrillation (AF) but remain unexplored in screening-detected or symptomatic AF.OBJECTIVE: We investigated the prognostic value of implantable loop recorders (ILR) ECG-derived atrial fibrillatory rate (AFR), average f-wave envelope amplitude (FWA), and the organization
In this thesis, I explore how brands influence employees’ constructions of their work as meaningful, and what this says about how they construct their work as meaningful. I take my cue from the literature about meaningful work, which has shown how various sources of meaningfulness interact, from the characteristics of the job and the self to interpersonal and material relations, and all their rela
Brott är straffbelagda gärningar som är beskrivna i lag eller annan författning. Men för den som vill förstå innebörden av en brottsdefinition räcker det sällan att läsa lagtexten. Lagen blir begriplig först när den sätts in i ett sammanhang.Om brotten är en lärobok i den svenska straffrättens speciella del. Ett stort antal brottstyper både i och utanför brottsbalken presenteras tematiskt och anal
How did colonial fiscal systems respond to economic crisis, and what were the distributional consequences of those responses? This paper examines fiscal policy and inequality in the Gold Coast during the Great Depression using newly reconstructed tax revenues and expenditure data linked to social tables. It estimates the tax burden relative to income, the sectoral incidence of taxation, and the re
We study the relationship between the structural transformation of the economy and the income distribution, focusing on the case of Sweden from 1870 to 1970, with extra attention paid to the 1870–1950 period, for which we produce extensive new data. Average income increased fivefold between 1870 and 1950, and the share employed in agriculture declined from 72 to 23 per cent. To study the evolution
With osteoarthritis progression, both mechanical and structural changes of articular cartilage occur. However, little is known about the interaction between the two. Digital volume correlation (DVC) could theoretically provide such insight, extracting the internal strain field from computed tomography (CT) datasets of the tissue under load. A recent study highlighted the possibility of time-resolv
BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF) burden is associated with adverse outcomes; in some patients, very low AF burden may not be actionable.OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to model AF burden as a function of monitoring time without AF.METHODS: We included 11,639 US patients (median age 62 years [interquartile range 46‒73], 40.6% male) without permanent/persistent AF, monitored for ≥14 days in 2021 wit
