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Chemical weathering of silicate rocks redistributes major, minor and trace elements through coupled dissolution–precipitation reactions. These weathering processes drive shifts in ocean acid–base chemistry, modulating atmospheric carbon dioxide levels and providing a stabilizing feedback in the carbon cycle. Silicate weathering occurs in both terrestrial and marine environments, releasing (‘forwar
Ensuring high vaccination coverage is vital, particularly during a pandemic. While pre-booked appointment letters have shown promise in vaccination campaigns, their effectiveness in specific sociodemographic groups remains to be explored. Our study evaluated the effect of pre-booked appointment letters on COVID-19 vaccine uptake within different sociodemographic groups using a quasi-experimental m
This study assesses the feasibility of extracting high-quality DNA from blood samples stored at – 20 °C for up to 21 years under suboptimal conditions. It addresses sample mishandling in research, where many samples lack proper biobank protocols. Prior studies focused on short-term storage and controlled conditions, highlighting the negative effects of freeze–thaw cycles. This study evaluates whet
Each spring, billions of Bogong moths escape hot conditions across southeast Australia by migrating up to 1,000 km to a place that they have never previously visited—a limited number of cool caves in the Australian Alps, historically used for aestivating over summer1,2. At the beginning of autumn, the same individuals make a return migration to their breeding grounds to reproduce and die. Here we
Background and objective Breathlessness is associated with higher rates of unplanned health service utilisation. We aimed to evaluate any associations between the severity of breathlessness limiting exertion (hereafter breathlessness), time between breathlessness recording and subsequent unplanned hospital admissions, and length of stay. Methods A retrospective cohort study of adults seen in gener
With solar projects worldwide expected to expand rapidly, understanding the ecosystem impacts is vital. Recent work highlights that optimizing land use strategies can significantly enhance carbon sequestration in the hosting ecosystem, making them a more effective tool in combating climate change.
Background: Disorders affecting the nervous system are diverse and include neurodevelopmental disorders, late-life neurodegeneration, and newly emergent conditions, such as cognitive impairment following COVID-19. Previous publications from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor Study estimated the burden of 15 neurological conditions in 2015 and 2016, but these analyses did not i
Nestling feeding in altricial birds is a physiologically demanding phase of the annual cycle. Accordingly, parental effort in breeding songbirds has been suggested to be limited by the maximum capacity to perform sustained aerobic work. However, the maximum capacity for exercise and plasticity thereof is understudied in free-living, breeding songbirds. We tested two predictions related to the plas
In Singapore, children’s education is typically presented as “an overriding and all-consuming concern,” fueled by extreme competition for grades and school admissions (Waters 2015: 290). However, parents' desire for academic excellence as a route to better lives is not as straightforward as it may seem. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork with Singaporean families, this paper explores parents' gende
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a heterogeneous disease that develops through diverse pathophysiological processes1,2 and molecular mechanisms that are often specific to cell type3,4. Here, to characterize the genetic contribution to these processes across ancestry groups, we aggregate genome-wide association study data from 2,535,601 individuals (39.7% not of European ancestry), including 428,452 cases
Propagation of intense X-ray pulses through dense media has led to the observation of phenomena such as atomic X-ray lasing1,2, self-induced transparency3 and stimulated X-ray Raman scattering (SXRS)4. SXRS has been long predicted as a means to launch and probe valence-electron wavepackets and as a building block for nonlinear X-ray spectroscopies5,6. However, experimental observations of SXRS to
We consider a shape optimization based method for finding the best interpolation data in the compression of images with noise. The aim is to reconstruct missing regions by means of minimizing a data fitting term in an Lp-norm, for 1 ⩽ p < + ∞, between original images and their reconstructed counterparts using linear diffusion PDE-based inpainting. Reformulating the problem as a constrained optimiz
We propose a machine learning-enhanced chemistry coordinate mapping (CCM) method that accelerates the integration of detailed chemical kinetics in reactive flow simulations by grouping chemically similar computational cells into clusters/zones within a low-dimensional latent space. Unlike original CCM methods that rely on manually selecting latent variables, our approach automatically discovers co
Background: Graft rejection (GR) is common complication after haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation (haplo-HCT). There are only a few studies describing the clinical presentation and potential risk factors of GR, and the optimal rescue strategy is not established. Objectives: To evaluate the cumulative incidence and potential risk factors for GR following haplo-HCT, and to compare surv
The relation between moisture content of a material and the ambient climate is described by sorption isotherms. Several models for prediction of sorption isotherms exist in the hygroscopic moisture range, but models of sorption isotherms in the over-hygroscopic range are less abundant. In wood, water can be present both in the solid cell wall and in the macro voids (e.g. cell lumina, pit chambers)
Iron has many important functions related to energy metabolism. However, hemoglobin synthesis is always a priority. Iron deficiency can be caused by increased loss, insufficient intake, or decreased absorption from the intestine and reduced release from depots in systemic inflammation. Anemia appears when stores are depleted or when utilization of iron from the stores is impaired. Treatment with o
Histatins are a family of multifunctional, cationic histidine-rich saliva peptides. The most prominently represented are Histatin 1, Histatin 3, and Histatin 5. Despite considerable similarities in primary structure, the three members are known to display varied antimicrobial properties and healing abilities. This study aims to provide a detailed structural comparison of Histatin 1, Histatin 3, an
The largest reservoir of carbon in protoplanetary discs is stored in refractory organics, which thermally decompose into the gas phase at the organics line located well into the interior of the water iceline. Because this region is so close to the host star, it is often assumed that the released gaseous material is rapidly accreted and has little effect on the evolution of the disc composition. Ho
Chemical communication using pheromones is crucial for the reproductive success of many insect species, including beetles(Coleoptera). Pheromones are detected by specialised odorant receptors (ORs), called pheromone receptors (PRs), in the sensoryneurons of the antennae. The PRs in Coleoptera remain understudied, with only a few receptors being functionally characterised.This limits our understand
