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All infective bacterial species need to conquer the innate immune system in order to colonize and survive in their hosts. The human respiratory pathogens Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis are no exceptions and have developed sophisticated mechanisms to evade complement-mediated killing. Both bacterial species carry lipooligosaccharides preventing complement attacks and attract and u

Purpose: Head trauma is a common complaint in emergency departments. Identifying patients with serious injuries can be difficult and generates many computerized tomographies. Reducing the number of computerized tomographies decreases both cost and radiation exposure. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the current Scandinavian Neurotrauma Committee guidelines could be revised in such a w

Context. The study of the Milky Way relies on our ability to interpret the light from stars correctly. With the advent of the astrometric ESA mission Gaia we will enter a new era where the study of the Milky Way can be undertaken on much larger scales than currently possible. In particular we will be able to obtain full 3D space motions of red giant stars at large distances. This calls for a reinv

Background: There is a need for a prehospital stroke test that in addition to high sensitivity for stroke, also is able to communicate stroke severity similar to the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Methods: The PreHospital Ambulance Stroke Test (PreHAST), an eight item test based on NIHSS, which scores stroke severity from 0-19 points, was designed and adapted for the ambulance

Background: Brief Admission is a crisis and risk management strategy in which self-harming and suicidal individuals with three or more diagnostic criteria of borderline personality disorder self-admit to hospital at times of increasing risk when other efforts to stay safe are failing. Standardized in the current randomized controlled trial, the intensity of Brief Admission Skåne is implemented in

Background and aims: Pharmacotherapy can be an important part of the continuum of care for alcohol use disorder (AUD). The Swedish universal health-care system emphasizes provision of care to marginalized groups. The primary aim was to test associations of neighborhood deprivation and disadvantaged social status with receipt of AUD pharmacotherapy in this context. Design: Data from linked populati

A search is performed for the process pp→G*→BHb-/B-Hb→Hbb-→bb-bb-, predicted in composite Higgs scenarios, where G* is a heavy colour octet vector resonance and BH a vector-like quark of charge -1/3. The data were obtained from pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.5 fb-1, recorded by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The largest background,

Measurements of the anisotropic flow coefficients v2{Ψ2},v3{Ψ3},v4{Ψ4}, and v4{Ψ2} for identified particles (π±,K±, and p+p) at midrapidity, obtained relative to the event planes Ψm at forward rapidities in Au + Au collisions at sNN=200GeV, are presented as a function of collision centrality and particle transverse momenta pT. The vn coefficients show characteristic patterns consistent with hydrod

Searches for high-mass resonances in the dijet invariant mass spectrum with one or two jets identified as b-jets are performed using an integrated luminosity of 3.2 fb−1 of proton–proton collisions with a centre-of-mass energy of s=13 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. No evidence of anomalous phenomena is observed in the data, which are used to exclude, at 95% credib

Autoantibodies to the islet cell 65-kilodalton isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) are present in most patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus years before the clinical manifestation of the disease. GAD65 autoantibodies are also present in a subset of patients with type 2 diabetes who frequently become insulin dependent. In the present study, we evaluated a new, commercially available ra

Att ersätta ändliga resurser med förnybara alternativ är en av mänsklighetens största utmaningar i modern tid. Utsläpp av växthusgaser orsakade av mänsklig civilisation behöver minska, och nya forskningsbaserade lösningar är nödvändiga för att åstadkomma långsiktigt hållbar tillväxt. I denna omställning kan biomassa från växter spela en viktig roll. Växtbiomassa består mestadels av socker som sittβ-Mannanases are a major type of enzyme involved in the hydrolysis and modification of β-mannans, a hemicellulose present in high amounts in e.g. softwoods such as spruce. The β-mannanases studied in this thesis belong to glycoside hydrolase (GH) families GH5 and GH26. In addition to hydrolysis, some β-mannanases can also catalyze transglycosylation whereby another molecule (acceptor) is transferr

To meet the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) on sustainable production and consumption (goal 12), the construction sector should be considered a key area to improve efficient use of natural resources (goal 12.2) and reduce waste generation (goal 12.5). With buildings being more energy efficient during their use phase, the relative importance of embodied energy and natural resourc

A new simple, reproducible and sensitive ELISA that uses trichloroacetic acid (TCA) for the coating of lipooligosaccharide (LOS), smooth lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or lipid A to the solid phase has been developed. The experimental parameters (temperature of coating, time of coating, antigen concentration and TCA concentration) were evaluated by a complete factorial design (24). As a result of the ev

The concrete discs with water-cement ratios 0.4 and 0.7 were preconditioned at their early age by drying at 50`C for 2 to 4 days, followed by storage in a Laboratory atmosphere till an age of 28 or S6 days. The moisture distributions in the specimens were determined by measuring relative humidity and capillary saturation degree, and the air permeability was determined according to the Cembureau me

Secret diplomacy may at first glance appear to be the antinomy of public diplomacy. Diplomats have traditionally been discouraged from participation in the domestic or foreign politics of the state in which they exercise their functions, and their official communications are, according to Articles 12 and 13 of the Havana Convention (1928), to be channelled through the host Foreign Ministry. By con